Stereotyping And The American Cinema - 1665 Words

Stereotyping Arabs in Hollywood Stereotyping is a very common tool used by film makers because it is a simple way of establishing a trait of a character in a movie but it provides a single-sided portrait of certain people based on their sex, gender, religion, race or age. As an example the way Arabs, particularly Palestinians, are portrayed in cinema. The American cinema has painted a picture full of misconceptions about them and created a stereotype that has been exacerbated in many movies since the dawn of hollywood. Because Cinema is a powerful tool that manipulates and reshapes the thoughts of audiences by making spectators passively consume all presented material, it made it easy to manipulate the minds of people to serve a political agenda mainly the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Jack Valenti a former president and CEO of the Motion Picture Association of America had said: â€Å" Washington and Hollywood spring from the same DNA†. Since the founding of Israel in 1948 , every American administration has made it clear which side it is on. On the other hand, it failed to support the millions of Palestinians who are loosing their homes, their lands, and their lives to the occupation. In the contrary, they have always been projected as the evil that wants death to Israel and America. And that is where cinema comes in, it goes to reinforce that image in the minds of people so they are less compassionate and sympathetic to the palestinian people as Israel is expanding inShow MoreRelatedHollywood Writers And Directors Do Not Have Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesHollywood writers and directors do not have a social responsibility to avoid stereotyping ethnic characters A successful movie is decided by gross revenue of the movie. Most writers and directors base on the world s histories, the reality society, and the favorite people s style to make their successful movies. Indeed, the writers are responsible for writing the script. Once they have handed over the script that is pretty much the end of their creative involvement with the movie. The directorsRead MoreThe Minorities Vs. Entertainment War868 Words   |  4 Pagescrowds that had brought overwhelming emotions and relaxation. Today, the entertainment industry has been amplified due to cinema emerging through the combination of new advancements in technology and has broaden the media and film industries horizons, the entertainment business has opened up the â€Å"opportunity gates† and has taken a turn for many minorities (African Americans, Hispanics, Asian, etc.) to live the dream and be a part of the uncontrollable whirlwind of entertainment. However, in someRead MoreThe Minorities Vs. Entertainment War Essay882 Words   |  4 Pagescrowds that had brought overwhelming emotions and relaxation. Today, the entertainment industry has been amplified due to cinema emerging through the combination of new advancements in technology and has broaden the media and film industries horizons, the entertainment business has opened up the â€Å"opportunity gates† and has taken a turn for many minorities (African Americans, Hispanics, Asian, etc.) to live the dream and be a part of the uncontrollable whirlwind of entertainment. However, in someRead MoreBollywood Is The Biggest Film Industry In India, But Is1123 Words   |  5 PagesBollywood is the biggest film industry in India, but is not the only film industry in India. Bollywood was born at the same time as Indian cinema itself. By the 1930s, Bollywood had already built several studios which, 10 years later, had produced approximately two-thirds of Bollywood’s 150–200 annual films. The name Bollywood comes from the American from Hollywood, the B is there for Bombay (now know as Mumbai). A typical Bollywood movie lasts for two-and-a-half hours, it has slowly unrolling storylinesRead MoreFilm, Art And Literature Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough a fictional format. Tough and uncomfortable topics such as war, religion, politics and intimacy can be addressed with film to present these themes into the minds of the many. The more popular cinema became, the more films could reach out to a lot of people adding onto popular culture. Cinema creates a way to share cultural experience, which expands knowledge of disconnected lifestyles through these publications. It helps us further our perception of these blurred lines of heritage and otherRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of African Americans Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans have been represented in the media with harmful stereotypes which were founded in the slavery era (Cartier, 2014)(Carpenter, 2012). This negative representation invites bias from those who accept the images, the distortion of which is accentuated by bot h sexism and racism. Black women are the least represented group in cinema, making it easier to rely on stereotypes which encourage societal bias. From these stereotypes, like the Jezebel and Sapphire, stem the â€Å"real world† stereotypesRead More Stereotyping of Hispanics in Hollywoods Films Essay498 Words   |  2 PagesStereotyping of Hispanics in Hollywoods Films [Cinema] manipulates the human psychology, sociology, religion, and morality of the people...(Cine-Aztlan 175). I has been said to be used by capitalists and socialists as a powerful weapon in the struggle for social justice. In all the Hollywood films and documentaries about Mexicans and Mexican-Americans, none have escapes stereotypes. And it hasnt gone unnoticed. Thomas Martinez states that the symbolic function of advertising in oneRead MoreThe Intersection Of Race And Media1489 Words   |  6 Pageslot less discriminatory since the days of blackface, American Indian depictions in old cowboy movies and really any person that was not of white Anglo-Saxon tradition. For much of U.S. history, most white-produced images of other racial groups have been unambiguously racist (Croteau 2012) But even though us as a nation has gotten better since those days, is racism completely gone from American television or is it still being normalized into cinema and television by reproducing the understanding ofRead MorePopular Culture Film And Music1385 Words   |  6 PagesBeatles such as the psychedelic Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds video (1967) and much of the 1967 album, Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, reflected this subculture. After the civil rights and Black Panther movements as a rising number of African-American film makers and actors began to make an appearance in the 1970s. With this began the new racial equalized illustration of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ individuals in drug related cinematography. The â€Å"Just Say No†, conservative, 1980s, Reagan era in the UnitedRead MoreFrance And India Are On Different Spectrums When It Comes1126 Words   |  5 Pagesin the countries media market. Looking at France’s box office index of the seven of the top ten grossing movies are American made movies. The number one movie â€Å"The Fate of the Furious† grossed at a total of 19,663,810 million dollars in France†™s box office. This clearly shows that U.S influence is seen in Frances film industry. France does have regulations on the amount of American movies that can be shown in their country throughout the year. This is why on the chart there are more home based movies

The Social Of Social Cognitive Theory - 1591 Words

Abstract: The Social Cognitive Theory is perhaps the most comprehensive and complex learning theories in the field of psychology. The theory attempts to explain how our social environment has a great influence on our behaviors and actions. Albert Bandura is the most notable psychologist of the Social Cognitive Theory. He has conducted intense research and experiments for over 50 years and continually strives to improve the strengths and correct the limitations of the theory. The Social Cognitive Theory is applied today in many behavioral and cognitive therapeutic settings. It is unique from other learning theories because of the belief that self-efficacy, goals, and outcome expectancies are likely to determine behavioral changes. Social Cognitive Theorists believe that we have the power to change our environment because our environment is affected by our behavior. Does the paper sound interesting after reading the abstract? The Social Cognitive Theory is a psychological learning the ory that attempts to explain the psychosocial functioning through the view of self and society and how these two factors have a bidirectional influence. Social Cognitive Theorists believe that individuals are reactive and shaped by environmental events. It is believed that this causes us to be self-reflective and proactive in our nature. The Social Cognitive Theory believes that abstract modeling and strategic observation leads to higher levels of learning. There are five main constructs ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Cognitive Theory618 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Cognitive Theory The social cognitive theory was formed in in 1977 primarily from the work of Albert Bandura, initially developed with the purpose of explaining social behaviors. It emphasizes that â€Å"learning occurs in a social context, and that much of what is learned is gained through observation† (Anderman amp; Anderman, 2009, p. 834). This theory has been applied to a wide spectrum of areas of study such as huma n functioning as career choice, athletics, organizational behavior, and mentalRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation Theories: Expectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice In Expectancy theory we focus on the mental processes when considering choice, or choosing. It clarifies what an individual feel while making choices. In the study of organizational behavior, we can see that expectancy theory is a motivation theory, it tells us that employees who are sure in their ability to perform a particular task are motivated by their expectations of the consequencesRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesExpectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice Expectancy theory is about the mental processes regarding choice, or choosing. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. In the study of organizational behavior, expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management. Expectancy theory tells us that people who are confident in their ability to perform a particular task are motivatedRead MoreEssay on Social Cognitive Theory2126 Words   |  9 PagesAlbert Bandura’s social cognitive theory (SCT), is defined as a cognitively oriented learning theory that emphasizes observational learning in determining of behavior. SCT is a stem from the social learning theory (SLT), with a back round dating back to the late 1800’s.2 Bandura presented the SCT with his book: Social Foundation of thought and action: A social Cognitive Theory.2 SCT has shown children acquire much information through observational learning. Bandura focuses on: Observational Learni ngRead MoreEssay On Social Cognitive Theory1890 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Cognitive Theory Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) evolved from the Social Learning Theory (SLT) in the sixties under the stewardship of Albert Bandura. However, it was in 1986 that the SCT achieved full recognition. The theory argues that learning takes place in a social context with a reciprocal and dynamic manner involving the environment, person, and behavior (LaMorte, 2016). One main unique feature of the SCT is that it puts a lot of emphasis on social influence, as well as, the social reinforcementRead MoreBandura s Social Cognitive Theory1202 Words   |  5 PagesBandura’s Social Cognitive Theory Video Notes Triadic Reciprocal Causation Describe what triadic reciprocal causation is. Albert Bandura, introduced triadic reciprocal causation as a term referring to mutual influences between three sets of factors: personal, the environment, and behavior. This can be a cognitive factor for memory, anticipation, and planning. How is triadic reciprocal causation of social cognitive theory different than earlier behavioral learning theories? Triadic reciprocalRead MoreThe Social Cognitive Theory Of Albert Bandura1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura Albert Bandura is well known for his accomplishments and scientific contributions to the world of psychology. His research has helped to explain how individuals in a society are influenced by other individuals in the same society. It has also helped in understanding how external factors can influence’s ones feelings of self-worth. Albert Bandura was born in Alberta, Canada on December 5, 1925. Throughout his childhood, Bandura was part of a schoolRead MoreHealth Promotion Model And Theories Of Social Cognitive Theory Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesModel and Theories Social Cognitive Theory, Health Belief Model, and Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change are the three models I chose to discuss. An electronic database searched was completed. Three articles were chosen to summarize and discuss each of the above models. Social Cognitive Theory The article by Son et al. (2011) studies the effect of social cognitive factors among middle-aged and older adults’ leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation. The social cognitive factorsRead MoreThe Triadic Reciprocal Causation Of Social Cognitive Theory1749 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe what triadic reciprocal causation is. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory explains psychological functioning in terms of triadic reciprocal causation. Triadic reciprocal causation is a system assuming human action as a result of an interaction with the environment, behavior, and a person. Bandura explains person as being a cognitive factor such as memory, anticipation, and planning. It is because of these cognitive capacities that some people can select or restructure their environmentRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Cognitive Theory926 Words   |  4 Pagespunishment. For 17 years, Mr. R.J. did a lot of observing. Every observation and experience helped with his choices of actions. Albert Bandura s Social Cognitive Theory will explain how R.J. s behavior was caused by his past. Albert Bandura s Social Cognitive Theory explains that people develops a skill or habit based on what they observed during social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences (Santrock, 2011). Bandura uses a model to explain the factors and how they connect between

Contents 1. Introduction 2. What Is Business Ethics 3. The 10 Benefit Essay Example For Students

Contents 1. Introduction 2. What Is Business Ethics? 3. The 10 Benefit Essay s of Business Ethics 4. Case Study on Nestle 4.1. The Impact of Business Ethics on Nestle 4.2. Nestles view on Business Ethics 4.3. The Implications of Business Ethics on Stakeholders 5. Conclusion Introduction Businesses have power through their ability to spend vast amounts of money. They have the ability to enhance or change situations that the common individual does not. As organisations affect many people, they have obligations to their employees, consumers, community and the world. They have a responsibility to conduct business in a way that is not harmful and which positively benefits as many people as possible and themselves. Although this sounds simple, it is easier said than done! as there will always be a conflict of interest between various groups of people. Any decisions made by businesses need to be made with an informed awareness of the specific situation and then act according to some sort of system of principals which is Business Ethics. What is Business Ethics? Business ethics is exactly the same as normal ethics, and that is knowing what is right or wrong, and learning what is right and what is wrong in a business environment. Then doing the right thing, but the right thing is not as straightforward as explained in many business ethics books. Most ethical dilemmas in the workplace are not simply a matter of Should she steal from him? or Should he lie to his boss? Businesses cannot function without ethics, why? Society dictates a set of rules and conformities and seeing as all businesses strive after common goals it means that these goals can only be achieved on the basis of standards, values and morals in society. It can be assumed that business life has to be called moral as well. As in society, standards and values are spontaneously formed once people come together and start behaving, likewise, business life becomes exactly the same and thats when morals come into effect, and when businesses decide on implicit or explicit ways to achieve certain goals and then are agreed on. Businesses in general are working on the basis of an ethics that settles different interests. The standards and values within companies can be characterised as mutual respect. In this respect it is in everyones interest, and is considering people as an end in themselves, not as a means, reciprocity and fairness. This ethics is passed down and filtered to a group of stakeholders who have an interest in the company. These parties usually are: personnel, customers, suppliers, subcontractors, shareholders, society and those who speak on behalf of the environment and future generations Many ethicists say theres always a right thing to do based on moral principle, and others believe the right thing to do depends on the situation, ultimately its up to the individual on what they do and on what they believe to be the right thing is. Sometimes the right thing is not necessarily the best thing to do. Many philosophers consider ethics to be the science of conduct. Twin Cities consultants Doug Wallace and John Pekel (of the Twin Cities-based Fulcrum Group) explain that ethics includes the fundamental ground rules by which we live our lives. Many professionals in ethics say that new ethical beliefs are state of the art legal matters, and that what becomes an ethical issue of today is then later made into a law. Values that say how we should behave are said to be moral values, values such as respect, honesty, fairness, responsibility, etc. Statements about how these values should be implemented are sometimes called moral or ethical principles. The concept of business ethics has been seen to mean various things to different people, but usually its knowing what is right or wrong in the workplace and doing whats right in regard to effects of products, services and relationships with stakeholders. Wallace and Pekel say that attention to business ethics is critical during times of fundamental change, times much like those faced now by businesses, both non-profit and for-profit. In times of fundamental change, values that were previously taken for granted are now strongly questioned. Many of these values are no longer followed. Therefore, there are no clear morals to guide todays leaders through difficult problems about what is right or wrong, just vague perceptions of what should and has already been done. A focal point on ethics in the workplace shows and alerts leaders and staff on how they should act. An attention to ethics in the workplaces helps ensure that when leaders and managers are struggling in times of crises and confusion, they retain a strong moral focus. However, attention to business ethics provides numerous other benefits, as well. Note that many people believe that business ethics, with its continuing focus on doing the right thing, only asserts the obvious be good, dont lie,, and so these people dont take business ethics seriously. For many people, these principles can go right out the door during times of stress. Business ethics can be a strong preventative medicine. 10 Benefits of Business Ethics These benefits were attained from http//: www.businessethics.com/index/benefits.htm Many people are used to reading or hearing of the moral benefits of attention to business ethics. However, there are other types of benefits, as well. The following list describes various types of benefits from managing ethics in the workplace. 1. Attention to business ethics has substantially improved society. A matter of decades ago, children in our country worked 16-hour days. Workers limbs were torn off and disabled workers were condemned to poverty and often to starvation. Trusts controlled some markets to the extent that prices were fixed and small businesses choked out. Price fixing crippled normal market forces. Employees were terminated based on personalities. Influence was applied through intimidation and harassment. Then society reacted and demanded that businesses place high value on fairness and equal rights. Anti-trust laws were instituted. Government agencies were established. Unions were organised. Laws and regulations were established. 2. Ethics programs help maintain a moral course in turbulent times. As noted earlier in this document, Wallace and Pekel explain that attention to business ethics is critical during times of fundamental change times much like those faced now by businesses, both non-profit and for-profit. During times of change, there is often no clear moral compass to guide leaders through complex conflicts about what is right or wrong. Continuing attention to ethics in the workplace sensitises leaders and staff to how they want to act. 3. Ethics programs cultivate strong teamwork and productivity. Ethics programs align employee behaviours with those top priority ethical values preferred by leaders of the organisation. Usually, an organisation finds surprising disparity between its preferred values and the values actually reflected by behaviours in the workplace. Ongoing attention and dialogue regarding values in the workplace builds openness, integrity and community critical ingredients of strong teams in the workplace. Employees feel strong alignment between their values and those of the organisation. They react with strong motivation and performance. 4. Ethics programs support employee growth and meaning. Attention to ethics in the workplace helps employees face reality, both good and bad, in the organisation and themselves. Employees feel full confidence they can admit and deal with whatever comes their way. Bennett, in his article Unethical Behaviour, Stress Appear Linked (Wall Street Journal, April 11, 1991, p. Galileo (882 words) Essay This trust comes from a quality image that has been built up for over a century. Nestl? carries out its global social responsibility, firstly, by taking a long term approach to strategic decision making which recognises the interests of our consumers, shareholders, business partners, and the world-wide economies in which we operate. Secondly, our responsibilities and values are reflected by the commitment of management and employees at all levels, to our Corporate Business Principles, which define standards of behaviour for all companies in the Nestl? Group, and are intended to complement applicable legislation and international recommendations. P. Brabeck-Letmathe Chief Executive Officer Nestl? S.A. Nestl? Corporate Business Principles From www.nestle. com Nestl? is committed to the following business principles in all countries. Taking into account local legislation, cultural and religious practice: Nestl?s business objective and that of management and employees at all levels, is to manufacture and market the companys products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for consumers, shareholders, employees, business partners and the large number of national economies in which Nestl? operates. Nestl? does not favour short-term profit and at the expense of successful long term business development, but recognises the need to generate profit each year in order to maintain the support of the financial markets, and to finance investments. Nestl? believes that, as a general rule, legislation is the most effective safeguard of ethical conduct, although in certain areas, additional guidance to management and employees in the form of voluntary business principles is beneficial in order to ensure that the hig hest standards are met throughout the organisation. Nestl? is conscious of the fact that the success of a corporation is a reflection of the professionalism, conduct and ethical values of its management and employees, therefore recruitment of the right people, and ongoing training and development are crucial. Nestl? recognises that consumers have a legitimate interest in the company behind the Nestl? brands, and the way in which the Nestl? Company operates. The Impact of Business Ethics on Nestle As you can see nestles whole foundation is based around ethics. As Nestle is a global company they have to take in many factors when considering their ethical policy, and the fact that they are a global organisation, makes that process one step harder. Being a global company Nestle is affected by different laws around the globe. Nestles reputation is paramount to them so by having a strict code of ethics is to their advantage as consumer awareness is growing with each and every day. More and more people are becoming concerned and disturbed by moral issues surrounding companies, if a company does a certain action that consumers dislike, it can have drastic effects to revenues. Nestle have had first hand experience of the power of consumers, as not so long ago was involved in allegations that it was supplying unsafe addictive baby milk supplements to mothers in the 3rd world. This brought on an outrageous response from consumers all around the world, as this was seen to be immoral and totally unacceptable by such a large well-known and respected organisation as Nestle. As these allegations spread, it was devastating to Nestle as many retail outlets began to boycott Nestle by removing all Nestle products from the shelves. This boycott was done for several reasons by different outlets, the reason for this was because of consumers. If other companies were seen to be siding with Nestle, then that could conflict with their own ethical policies and consumers could be deterred by that fact. With the introduction and implementation of a strict and concise ethical policy, Nestle has seemed to redeem themselves by ensuring a good upstream communication. Nestle have also reached back into the good books by promoting their codes of ethics by various medias and making them readily available to the public. A list of Nestle ethics can be found on their web site, this list has covered everything from environmental issues to child labour, by doing this they have appealed to the moral issues facing everyday people and the emotions of its consumers. As Nestles ethics are so detailed and cover almost every aspect of moral dilemmas in various societies, Nestle now have the responsibility to live up to their word, and make sure that this policy does exactly what it says. The impact that this will have on them will be great, as it will be a fairly costly process to monitor all of these conditions globally. This would also have a positive effect in the respects of its consumers, as in this age the consumer market is more competitive than it ever was, and Nestle need to be seen as a consumer friendly organisation, sympathetic, moral and ethical. Consumers would see this as Nestle doing something beneficial and good for people. Implications of Business Ethics on Stakeholders The implications on stakeholders of Nestle is plain and simple, whatever Nestle do, so do they. What is meant by this is as follows; any actions that are taken upon Nestle than the stakeholders are doing these actions also, it can also be called, guilt by association. Any stakeholders also must abide by the ethics policies set out by Nestle, as guilt by association also functions the opposite way. Any actions deemed unethical or any unethical behaviour by either party can result in harm for the other, a classic lose-lose situation, therefore upstream communication is essential for these ethics policies to be adhered to. The impact on all stakeholders can be a great strain, as Nestle have a very thourough and comprehensive ethics policy, to conform to this could take a great deal of time, Conclusion What is Business Ethics? Plain and simple, ethics is the choice between right and wrong. BibliographyFrancis, David R. (1991, June). Prevent Trouble by Improving Ethics. Christian Science Monitor, p. 9. Fulcrum Consulting Group, 1093 Snelling Ave. South, Saint Paul, MN 55116. Phone 1-800-55-ETHIC. Gandz, J. Bird, F. G. (1989, Autumn). Designing Ethical Organizations. Business Quarterly, 54(2), 108-112. Genfan, H. (1987, November). Formalizing Business Ethics. Training and Development Journal, pp. 35-37. Josephson Institute of Ethics, 310 Washington Boulevard, Suite 104, Marina del Rey, California. Phone 310-306-1868. Kirrane, D.E. (1990, November). Managing Values: A Systematic Approach to Business Ethics. Training and Development Journal, pp. 53-60. Madsen, P. , Ph. D., Shafritz, J. M. , Ph. D. (Eds.). (1990). Essentials of Business Ethics. New York: Penguin Books. McDonald, G. , Zepp, R. (1990). What Should Be Done? A Practical Approach to Business Ethics. Management Decision, 28(1), 9-13. Nash, L. (1981). Ethics Without the Sermon. Harvard Business Review, (59). Navran Associates Management Consultants, 3037 Wembley Ridge, Atlanta, GA. Phone 404-493-8886. Reynolds, L. (1992, July/August). The Ethics Audit. Business Ethics Magazine, pp. 20-22. Sims, R. R. (1991). Institutionalization of Organizational Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 10, 493-506. Strong, K. C., Meyer, G. (1992). An Integrative Descriptive Model of Ethics Decision Making. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 89-94. Thompson, T. (1991, Spring). Managing Business Ethics. Canadian Public Administration, 34(1), 153-157. Toffler, B. (1991, Winter). Doing Ethics: An Approach to Business Ethics Consulting. Moral Education Forum, 16(4), 14-20.

Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession free essay sample

The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Alonzo White ACC/340 August 14, 2011 Jennifer Coleman Question: Describe how information systems are changing the various aspects of the accounting profession. Include a description of a variety of new technologies and their effects on accounting processes. In addition, discuss how these technologies have changed the way accounting is performed at your organization or an organization of your choosing. Answer: New technology in information systems have bought significant changes in accounting profession, practices and processes. It has increased the efficiency and accuracy in accounting and has speed up the process for manual accounting tasks, but also improved security of accounting data and increased transparency. Large organizations and multinationals are changing over to this new information systems and technologies to carry out their accounting tasks on global basis. This information system has led to standardization not only among the different divisions, locations and offices of a single organization, but also on a global basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Microsoft, Oracle for accounting has greatly reduced the time taken to prepare the financial statements and benefitted auditors and accountants to complete and submit their statements in timely manner. MIS reporting has been made possible by Information systems only to take timely decisions. A new payroll management system from companies like Paychex has greatly improved payroll accounting and is a plus for accountants handling large payrolls. The new system allows accountants to collaborate and merge their work with accountants of the same company located at different location. The new Sarbanes Oxley Act has been the result of increased availability of quality information systems, without which, it is impossible for the companies to remain in compliance of these legislations. Let us take the example of a multinational company like IBM, whose offices are located throughout the world and accounting is done at various locations, according to local laws, customs and currencies prevalent in the particular countries. But since IBM is a US based multinational and the final preparation of all these statements will be according to the GAAP principles and in US dollars, it is important for global companies like IBM to maintain similar accounting practices and standards everywhere. Such large scale deployment of accounting policies and practices with global standards is impossible without the new information systems and technologies. With the use of these technologies, companies like IBM have no worries or fear in preparation of accounting statements; payroll related issues and management information systems (MIS) issues as the processes are standardized with the deployment of standard accounting and ERP packages such as Oracle.

Assignment Tax essayEssay Writing Service

Assignment Tax essayEssay Writing Service Assignment Tax essay Assignment Tax essayOn 10 May 2013, the IRS issued regulations under section 336(e) that allow taxpayers in certain situations to elect to treat sales and distributions of 80Â  percent of a corporation’s (the target) stock as taxable sales of the target’s assets (Taxation of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, 2014). In such a way, the US fiscal policy aims at the enhancement of the transparency of fiscal operations and minimizes the risk of tax avoidance. The development of section 336(e) contributed to raising barriers on the way of international fiscal schemes that allow money laundering and transferring money off shore.Net investment income tax imposes 3.8% tax on net investment income of individuals, estates and trusts (Taxation of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, 2014). In such a way, the US fiscal policy aims at the accurate and effective taxation of investment incomes obtained by companies as well as individuals operating internationally. At this point , it is worth mentioning the fact that some companies have developed numerous schemes of tax evasion using their investments as the way to transfer their capital off shore or to other countries, where the fiscal legislation is more liberal and less restrictive. In such a way, the national legislation raises barriers for international schemes planned for tax avoidance and other schemes.Furthermore, the Foreign account tax Compliance act (FatCa) was enacted into law to address tax evasion by US taxpayers that hold unreported assets in financial accounts and undisclosed interests in foreign entities (Taxation of Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, 2014). The tax evasion is a serious threat to the national economy. At the same time, international transfers are the most efficient way to complete tax evasions fast and effectively. Local law enforcement agencies have difficulties with the investigation of such crimes. The elimination of fiscal barriers and the enhancement of the foreign account tax policies help to minimize the risk of the violation of tax policies and prevents the problem of tax evasion.One of the major advancement in fiscal policies at the international level is the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards. International Financial Reporting Standards introduce the common set of standards of financial reporting at the local and international level. In such a way, International Financial Reporting Standards help to balance the international legislation and fiscal policies, to harmonize them and develop common, transparent standards and principles that will contribute to the transparency of accounting and financial performance. International Financial Reporting Standards have been implemented since 2012. The first phase of the International financial Reporting Standards was introduced in 2013 and the preparation for the introduction of the second phase has started. 2014 involved the evaluation and assessment of the implementation of phase one of International Financial Reporting Standards. The accurate assessment is pivotal for the further implementation of phase two of International Financial Reporting Standards.Furthermore, the international cooperation in fiscal policies contributes to the tighter regulations and higher transparency of fiscal policies and accounting of businesses operating at the domestic and international market (Chernick Reschovsky, 2000). In this regard, the introduction of the automated information exchange international standard is an important step toward to the enhancement of the international fiscal policies and standards that facilitate the tax policy and tax accountability of businesses.At the same time, well-developed nations, including the US and the EU assist developing countries into the implementation of international accountability standards and fiscal policies that match international standards (Fighting Tax Evasion and Avoidance: A year of progress, 2014). In such a wa y, developed nations help developing ones to close fiscal gaps and help to introduce effective systems of monitoring and control. However, the key to the effective fiscal policies at the international level is the transparency of fiscal policies.However, one of the primary concerns of the international community in terms of fiscal policies was tackling tax heavens and aggressive tax planning that prevent the risk of the development of tax evasion schemes and transferring substantial financial resources offshore.3)International Financial Reporting Standards may become the tax framework within which international fiscal system can operate successfully. At the same time, the implementation of the common, global fiscal framework does not necessarily mean the resolution of the problem of tax avoidance. In fact, the tax avoidance occurs not only because of differences in fiscal policies and different policy standards but also because of the different in fiscal policies conducted by fiscal institutions of each country. At this point, the International Financial Reporting Standards can become a solid financial framework for well-developed nations with the solid legal system, well-established democracy, and low level of corruption. On the contrary, some developing nations, like Nigeria, for example, face the high risk of corruption. Even emerging economies, like China, suffer from the high level of corruption. Therefore, in case of the creation of the global tax framework after the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards, countries with the high level of corruption may become new tax heavens for companies and individuals, who want to hide their profits and pay fewer taxes.At the same time, the risk of corruption is not the only obstacle for the successful introduction of the global fiscal framework. The implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards and the elaboration of the common fiscal policy worldwide raises the problem the economic disparity in the global economy and the different dynamics of the economic development of different countries (Holzman, 2005). What is meant here is the fact that fiscal policies, including fiscal policies regulating international financial operations, are effective tools that help governments to stimulate business activities and balance the economic development. For example, in case of ‘overheating’ of the domestic economy, the government of a country may be willing to raise taxes to avoid the further ‘overheating’ that may lead to the crisis of overproduction and further economic decline. On the contrary, the government of a country that suffers from the economic recession may need to eliminate fiscal barriers and introduce more liberal fiscal legislation to attract more investors. In such a way, they can boost their economic development. However, the introduction of the International Financial Reporting Standards as the common, global tax frame work will become an obstacle for such independent policies conducted by governments. Obviously, at the moment, national governments are not ready to put international fiscal policies above their national economic interests. Therefore, even in case of the introduction of the International Financial Reporting Standards as the global tax framework, this framework will be unable to prevent the risk of tax avoidance.Nevertheless, the introduction of the International Financial Reporting Standards as the common, global tax framework can lay the foundation to the development of common fiscal policies and tax legislation. The introduction of the tax framework implemented internationally will stimulate the introduction of the common tax legislation that will help to prevent the risk of tax avoidance. Even though the International Financial Reporting Standards will not eliminate the problem of the tax avoidance point blank, but still such global tax framework helps to decrease such a risk. At this point, the elaboration of common international standards is an important step toward the effective prevention of tax avoidance at the international level. At any rate, the global tax framework helps to stimulate companies to introduce common strategies to match international fiscal standards. In the course of time, International Financial Reporting Standards can help to make the global business more transparent.In such a way, the International Financial Reporting Standards as the global tax framework will not bring immediate positive changes in terms of the tax avoidance minimization but still the global tax framework will have a positive impact on the development of international business and fiscal policies. Even though the International Financial Reporting Standards will not eliminate the problem of the tax avoidance, they will help to decrease the risk of the tax avoidance.

Death Penalty6 essays

Death Penalty6 essays In national news today, a black man from southern Texas was killed today. He was brutally beaten and than roped to the back of a pick-up and dragged to his death. This isnt all too uncommon to hear in todays news and if anything I think that we have grown numb and gotten use to hearing things of this nature. I dont think that crimes are getting more gruesome, but it does seem that they are becoming more frequent. Either way whether or not they are becoming more frequent there is no cure for the problem. There have been plenty of talks in the recent presidential debates about the death penalty, and many discussions of George Bushes fancy for it and in many cases I just have to agree. In my personal opinion if you are bold and brave enough to take someones life than you should be bold and brave enough to give up your own. To those who stand against it I ask Why? For some its a religious issue, I have heard the phrase, Well, no one has the right to play god. Which is fine if thats what you believe and there is nothing wrong with that, but personally I dont buy into the whole religion thing, I am not a holy man, I have found nothing in my short 18 years here on this planet to prove to me there is a god. I have seen no evidence and Im not one of blind faith, which is what were supposed to have, but that is an entirely different subject. Others say, Well, an innocent man could be killed. The way our government works there are plenty of appeals before the man is put to death that if he wa s innocent Im sure that he could get off, the odds of that happening seem to be slim. But it may be possible that the death penalty may be going in the wrong direction, now this is just a theory that I have. Drug dealers for example are out on the street starting gang wars and basically running around and shooting each other. Th ...

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 28

Philosophy - Essay Example If looked at closely, one thing that comes out in the open is that the ontological argument given by Descartes differs from the original explanations of the ontological argument. The model for the majority of conventional deductions is the ontological argument presented by St. Anselm in the Proslogium II. Interpreted loosely, Descartes argument means that his notion of God is that of a superlatively perfect being. In itself, existence is excellence. In reality, God must exist or else the idea that one has about God would lack any form of perfection and as expected this would be illogical. The core of God is confined in the idea of existence just like the essence of a triangle revolves around its three sides (Platinga 11). Over the years, there have been various interpretations given on what Descartes really meant in his ontological argument. However, most of given interpretations only examines the simple meaning of existence but Descartes arguments looks at existence in relation to the perfection of God. In short, what Descartes is claiming is that there is no any other way that he can examine the context of God due to his nature as an omnipotent and perfect being. According to Descartes, any idea that an individual has on God must reflect this need. Naturally, this is a special case of perfection and for that reason, any idea of God that an individual has must have objective reality owing to the nature of what it symbolizes (Malcolm 41). According to some modern philosophers, it is apparent that what Descartes depicts by necessary existence is not what a few modern philosophers refer to as logical necessity. In its place, Descartes points to an ontological requirement or perpetual as well as the unconditioned existence. In to ensure that the ontological consideration re understood with certainty, he brings in discussions of epistemological and psychological essentials to match his epistemology. It is interesting to